TOTAL EXAMINATION PROGRAM
PEO Syllabus of Examinations, 2012 Edition
METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONAL EXAMS – SPECIFIC TO METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
GROUP A
10-Met-A1 Metallurgical Thermodynamics
Phase relationships and phase rule. First, second and third laws of thermodynamics, enthalpy and heat balances, entropy, free energy, and chemical equilibrium. Solution chemistry and solution models, chemical potential, relationships between phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties. Thermochemical analyses of metallurgical and electrochemical processes. Computational thermodynamics.
10-Met-A2 Metallurgical Rate Phenomena (Suggested Prerequisite: A1)
Transport equations for momentum, heat and mass transfer. Thermodynamic and physical boundary conditions. Interphase mass transfer: gas-solid, gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, and liquid-solid applied to metallurgical systems. Mathematical models. Radiation heat transfer: black and grey body, emissivity and view factors. Heat transfer in casting processes: mould properties, continuous casting. Reactor theory applied to metallurgical operations: mixed flow, plug flow, residence time.
10-Met-A3 Metal Extraction Processes
Principles of mineral processing: comminution, physical separation techniques, flotation, dewatering. Selection of extraction processes. Hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy including leaching, solution purification, solvent extraction, metal winning and refining. Pyrometallurgical operations including roasting, smelting, converting and refining and refractory issues. Calculations based on flow sheets, heat and mass balances. Environmental impact of processing operations.
10-Met-A4 Structure of Materials
Structure of metals (description of crystal structures). Analytical methods to determine structure including metallography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Introductory dislocation theory. Elements of grain boundaries. Vacancies. Phases and binary phase diagrams.
10-Met-A5 Mechanical Behaviour and Fracture of Materials (Suggested Prerequisite: A4)
Tensile response of materials. Elements of dislocation theory. Slip and twinning in crystalline solids. Strengthening mechanisms in metals. High temperature deformation response of crystalline solids. Fracture. Elements of fracture mechanics. Cyclic stress and strain fracture. Fatigue crack propagation.
10-Met-A6 Phase Transformation and Thermal Treatment of Metals and Alloys (Suggested Prerequisite: A4)
Annealing of Metals (Recovery, recrystallization, grain growth, secondary recrystallization, and heat treatments based on these phenomena.) Nucleation and growth processes and the solidification of metals. Solidification phenomena in metals. Nucleation and growth kinetics. Precipitation hardening.
10-Met-A7 Corrosion and Oxidation (Suggested Prerequisite: A1)
Basic corrosion theory. Electrochemical corrosion theory. Metallurgical cells. Environmental cells. Stress assisted corrosion. Materials selection. Protective coatings. Corrosion inhibitors. Cathodic and anodic protection. Oxidation.
GROUP B
10-Met-B1 Mineral Processing
Sources and nature of metallic and industrial minerals of importance. Comminution techniques, size classification. Hydrocyclones, gravity and magnetic separations. Flotation: surface chemistry, reagents, analysis. Tailings disposal, water pollution control, closed circuit operation. Plant design, process analysis and optimization.
10-Met-B2 Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy
Unit processes of hydrometallurgy: acid, alkaline and pressure leaching .Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. Pourbaix diagrams. Purification of leach liquors by ion exchange, solvent extraction and selective precipitation operations. Solid-liquid separation techniques. Principles of electrometallurgy. Recovery of metal values by cementation, electrowinning and refining from aqueous solutions. Electrolyte preparation, cell potential, effect of additives. Hydrogen precipitation methods. Application of processes for the recovery of copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, gold and uranium.
10-Met-B3 Ironmaking and Steelmaking
Thermodynamics and kinetics of iron and steelmaking reactions. Direct reduction processes. Blast furnace operations. Chemical properties of fluxes, slags and refractories. Converter processes and electric furnace steelmaking. Treatment of hot metal, ladle metallurgy including desulfurization, deoxidation, inert gas and vacuum treatment. Continuous casting. Secondary refining processes including AOD, VAD, VOD, VAR, and ESR. Analysis of new and emerging steelmaking technologies. Environmental control.
10-Met-B4 Non-Ferrous Extractive Metallurgy
The application of principles of thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena to the extraction and refining of non-ferrous metals using pyrometallurgical processes. Production of copper, nickel, lead, and zinc from sulphides. Converting and flash smelting operations. Production of aluminum and magnesium using fused salt electrolysis. Reduction cell operation. Production of refractory metals by chlorination and purification. Recent developments in non-ferrous pyrometallurgy. Environmental impact.
10-Met-B5 Metal Fabrication
Fundamentals of solidification: phase diagrams, cooling curves, cast structures, solidification shrinkage, molten metal characteristics. Casting methods including ingot casting, continuous casting, sand casting, die casting, investment casting, counter gravity, lost foam, mould casting, squeeze and semi-solid casting. Hot working: hot rolling, extrusion, and forging. Bending and sheet metal operations: roll bending and forming, shearing operations, stretch forming and drawing, hydroforming, and superplasticity. Powder metallurgy processes.
10-Met-B6 Physical Metallurgy of Iron and Steel
Iron-Carbon Alloys (Fe-Fe3C Alloys system and isothermal transformation of austenite to ferrite and cementite and martensite, annealing and normalizing, cold working and process annealing, tempering, austempering and martempering). Carbon steels including microalloyed steels. Alloy steels. Stainless steels. Cast irons. Tool steels. Surface hardening and modification.
10-Met-B7 Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys
Aluminum and its alloys. Copper and its alloys. Titanium and its alloys. Nickel and Cobalt alloys. Magnesium and Zinc alloys. Refractory metals and alloys and structural intermetallics.
10-Met-B8 Ceramic Materials
Bonding in ceramics. Ceramic structures. Effect of chemical forces and structure on physical properties. Defects in ceramics. Diffusion and electrical conductivity. Phase equilibria. Sintering and grain growth. Mechanical properties: fast fracture, creep, slow crack growth and fatigue. Thermal stresses and thermal properties. Dielectric properties.
10-Met-B9 Structure and Properties of Polymers
Chain architecture: chain dimensions, Gaussian segment density distribution, polymer conformation.
Molar mass determination: osmometry, light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, capillary viscometry. Polymer phase equilibria: solvent quality, polymer blending. Polymer structure/transitions: melting and glass transition temperatures, free volume. Crystallization: crystal structure, fractional crystallinity. Mechanical properties: testing methods, compliance, viscoelasticity, dynamic testing, time-temperature superposition, mastercurve, rubber elasticity, crazing. Polymer flow properties: viscosity, rheology, shear thinning, analysis of flow fields. Polymer processing techniques,
10-Met-B10 Advanced Electronic Materials
Band theory: energy levels in solids, effective mass, Fermi-Dirac statistics. Semiconductors: doping, activation, diffusion, P-n junctions, and solar cells. Dielectrics and polarization: capacitance, dielectric materials, Lorentz field, dielectric breakdown, piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity and pyroelectricity. Magnetism: field intensity, permeability, exchange interaction, saturation magnetization, magnetic domains and anisotropy, hysteresis loop. Superconductivity: Meissner effect, superconducting materials, critical field and current density, BCS theory. Metals: contact potential, Seebeck and thermocouple effect, thermoelectrics, electromigration.
TOTAL EXAMINATION PROGRAM
PEO Syllabus of Examinations, 2017 Edition
ENGINEERING PHYSICS
PROFESSIONAL EXAMS – SPECIFIC TO ENGINEERING PHYSICS
GROUP A
17-Phys-A1 Classical Mechanics
Review of fundamental principles; Lagrangian Mechanics; non-conservative and non-holomonic systems; central force problem; motion of a rigid body; variational principles, and an introduction to Hamilton's equations.
17-Phys-A2 Statistical Physics
Kinetic theory of gases; Quantum states, temperature, entropy, chemical potential, Boltzmann factor, fermions and bosons. Fermi-Dirac distributions and electrons in metals. Bose-Einstein distributions and photons, Black-body radiation, Debye theory of phonons.
17-Phys-A3 Electromagnetics (16-Elec-A7)
Field concepts. Maxwell's equations. Free space and guided wave propagation, transmission lines. Characteristic impedance. Impedance matching and transformation. Fields of moving charges, electromagnetic induction, radiation, and antennae.
17-Phys-A4 Quantum Mechanics
Breakdown of classical mechanics. Schrodinger equation and elementary systems; one dimensional problems. Postulates and interpretation of quantum mechanics. Algebraic solution of the Schrodinger equation for the harmonic oscillator. Angular momentum and spin. Central force problems; the hydrogenic atom. Concepts and applications of tunneling. Perturbation theory.
17-Phys-A5-A Electronic Materials and Devices
Semiconductor physics; band theory, drift and diffusion. Semiconductor devices; diodes, bipolar and MOS devices, sensors and transducers. Other electronics related materials; dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and magnetic materials and their application to modern sensors and transducers.
17-Phys-A5-B Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits
Time and frequency domain analysis of linear and nonlinear circuits. Biasing and small signal analysis of transistor amplifiers. Operational amplifiers. Feedback and stability of amplifiers. Oscillators and active filters. Digital circuits and logic families; D/A and A/D conversion; instrumentation.
17-Phys-A6 Solid State Physics
Lattice structure and bonding. Lattice vibrations and phonons. Electrons in solids, band structure of metals, semiconductors and insulators, the Fermi surface. The effects of reduced size/dimensionality, i.e., nanostructures. Semiconductors and junctions. Paramagnetism and diamagnetism. Introduction to lattice defects.
17-Phys-A7 Optics
Gaussian optics, optical instruments, matrix analysis of lens systems, aberrations, polarization: Double and multiple-beam interference. Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction, optical waveguides, fibre optics, contemporary optics design.
GROUP B
17-Phys-B1 Radiation Physics
Atomic and nuclear structure, isotopes, radioactivity, X-rays, attenuation and absorption in matter, detection of radiation, radiation instrumentation, dosimetry, radiation protection, radiation safety and standards, non-ionizing radiation.
17-Phys-B2 Electro-Optical Engineering (16-Elec-B10)
Optical transmission: waveguide modes, fiber optics, fibre optic propagation characteristics. Optoelectronics: optical resonators, lasers, sources and detectors, couplers, modulators, guided wave devices. Applications.
17-Phys-B3 Digital Systems and Computers (16-Elec-A4)
Combinatorial and sequential switching circuits. Register level design of digital systems. Computer memories. Computer architecture, assembly language programming, interrupts, and interfacing.
17-Phys-B4 Signals and Communications (16-Elec-A3)
Amplitude and frequency modulation systems: signals, spectra, implementation. Sampling of continuous signals and the Nyquist sampling theorem. Fourier series and transforms, spectral concepts. Discrete signals and systems: the sampling theorem, time and frequency response, the Z-transform. PCM and simple baseband pulse code modulation systems. Digital modulation techniques, e.g., ASK, PSK, QAM.
17-Phys-B5 Systems and Control (16-Elec-A2)
Models, transfer functions, and system response. Root locus analysis and design. Feedback and stability: Bodes diagrams. Nyquist criterion, frequency domain design. State variable representation. Simple PID control systems.
17-Phys-B6 Applied Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer (16-Mec-A1)
Applied Thermodynamics: Review of fundamental laws and their applications to closed and open systems. Vapour cycles for power and refrigeration; cycle modifications including reheat, regeneration. Gas cycles; spark ignition and compression ignition cycles. Gas turbine cycles, including modifications such as regeneration and intercooling; effects of component efficiency on performance. Heat Transfer: Conduction in one and two-dimensional systems; steady state and transient regimes. Natural – and forced-convection problems. Radiation heat exchange between black, gray, and real surfaces. Thermal design of heat exchangers.
17-Phys-B7 Structure of Materials (10-Met-A4)
Atomic and molecular structure. Metallic, ionic, covalent and Van der Walls’s, Crystal structure, space lattices and Miller indices. Crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous). Solidification (crystallisation) and associated microstructures of cast metals and phenomena of grain boundaries. Observations of material structure (X-ray techniques, metallography, optical and electron microscopy). Defects in solids, dislocation and slip, vacancies and diffusion. Basic mechanisms of deformation processes of materials. Phase diagrams (solid solution systems, eutectic and eutectoid systems, peritectic reaction, intermetallic compounds). Application of lever rule to phase proportions in common single - and binary-phase systems.
COMPLEMENTARY STUDIES
11-CS-1 Engineering Economics
Basic concepts of engineering economics through understanding of the theoretical and conceptual financial project analysis. Types and applications of engineering economic decisions. Capital, cash flow, and the time value of money concepts. Nominal and effective interest rates when considering loans, mortgages, and bonds. The application of present worth analysis, annual equivalent analysis and rate of return analysis in evaluating independent projects, comparing mutually exclusive projects, analyzing lease vs. buy alternatives and making decisions. After-tax financial analysis requiring an understanding of capital cost allowance (depreciation) and corporate income tax. Understanding methods of financing and capital budgeting. Break-even, sensitivity and risk analyses.
11-CS-2 Engineering in Society – Health and Safety
The duties and legal responsibilities for which engineers are accountable; safety laws and regulations; and a basic knowledge of potential hazards and their control: biological hazards – bacteria, viruses; chemical hazards - gases, liquids and dusts; fire and explosion hazards; physical hazards – noise, radiation, temperature extremes; safety hazards – equipment operation; workplace conditions - equity standards, human behaviour, capabilities, and limitations; managing safety and health through risk management, safety analyses, and safety plans and programs; practices and procedures to improve safety. The roles and social responsibilities of an engineer from a professional ethics point of view, as applied in the context of Canadian values. The integration of ethics into engineering practice, and its effect on public safety and trust.
11-CS-3 Sustainability, Engineering and the Environment
Basic knowledge of soil, water and air quality engineering: soil and water interaction, water supply issues, human activities and their interaction on soil, air and water resources. Fundamentals of: soil erosion, water quality, atmospheric pollution (carbon and nitrogen cycle), climate change, risk assessment. Basic knowledge of renewable energy sources: solar, photovoltaic, wireless electricity, thermal, wind, geothermal, and biofuels. Introduction to renewable materials engineering; nano materials, new material cycles. Eco-product development, and product life cycle assessment; recycling technologies; reuse of products; design for disassembly, recycling, e-waste, and reverse manufacturing. Consumption patterns; transportation; environmental communication; consumer awareness. Optimized energy and resources management. Sustainable methods: sustainability indicators; life cycle assessment; regulatory aspects of environmental management, ecological planning.
11-CS-4 Engineering Management
Introduction to management principles and their impact upon social and economic aspects of engineering practice. Engineering management knowledge topics including: market research, assessment and forecasting; strategic planning; risk and change management; product, service and process development; engineering projects and process management; financial resource management; marketing, sales and communications management; leadership and organizational management; professional responsibility. New paradigms and innovative business models, including: sustainable production, products, service systems and consumption; best practices and practical examples of successful implementations of sustainable scientific and engineering solutions.